What is a transformer used for in electrical systems?

A transformer is a key component in electrical systems, specifically designed to alter voltage levels as needed. It operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, enabling it to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) the voltage of alternating current (AC) in a circuit.

This function is critical for efficiently transmitting electricity over long distances. High voltages are used for transmission to minimize energy loss due to resistance in the wires; however, for consumer use, the voltage needs to be lowered to a safer, usable level. Thus, transformers play an essential role in the overall effectiveness and safety of electrical distribution systems.

While generating electrical power is the function of generators, and storing electrical energy pertains to devices like batteries or capacitors, the transformer's primary and vital role lies specifically in voltage alteration. Controlling the flow of electricity more directly relates to devices like circuit breakers or switches, rather than the fundamental function of a transformer.