What is the function of an electrical relay?

The function of an electrical relay is to control a circuit with a low-power signal. Relays are electromechanical switches that use an electromagnetic coil to open or close connections in a circuit. When a small control voltage is applied to the coil, it creates a magnetic field that activates the relay, allowing it to switch on or off a larger circuit. This is particularly useful in situations where you want to control high-voltage or high-current devices with a low-power control signal, providing both isolation and control.

In contrast, amplifying current, connecting multiple batteries, or increasing voltage levels are not primary functions of a relay. An amplifier is required for current amplification; connecting multiple batteries typically involves ensuring proper configuration and balance; and increasing voltage levels generally involves the use of transformers or converters, not relays. Thus, the ability of a relay to control large loads with a minimal input is its defining characteristic.