What is the function of a transformer in an electrical system?

The function of a transformer in an electrical system is to increase or decrease voltage levels. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage as electricity passes through their coils. This is crucial in electrical systems for the efficient transmission of power over long distances. High voltage levels are used for transmission to reduce energy loss, and transformers are employed at substations to adjust the voltage to levels suitable for distribution or residential use.

Transformers do not convert electrical energy into thermal energy, measure electrical power, or store electricity, which are functions associated with other devices and components in an electrical system. Their primary role is centered around manipulating voltage levels to ensure efficient energy distribution and usage.