What is the main function of a transformer in electrical systems?

The primary function of a transformer in electrical systems is to change the voltage level in a circuit. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are used to either increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) voltage levels while maintaining the same frequency. This functionality is crucial for efficient power transmission; for instance, high voltage is used for long-distance transmission to reduce energy losses, while lower voltages are necessary for safe use in homes and businesses.

Transformers are essential for adapting electrical power to different requirements throughout the power distribution network, making them a vital component in the management of electrical energy.